• Mass differentiation, ability to offer custom-made products based on a standard product.
• In line to the previous point, the make to order processes are becoming more prelevant.
• Technological breakthroughs in engines: electric vehicles, hybrids.
• Increasingly stronger alliances between manufacturers and major players in the WEB (driverless vehicle, integration with smartphones, geolocation).

• Car-rental, financing, and leasing services
• Emergence of new uses: carpooling, multimodal transport offer
• Automotive maintenance
• Competition on spare parts supply
• Internet competition for distribution, faster and customer-oriented order management

• Environmental requirements, tougher norms.
• Pooling of components, platforms.
• Automation of production, automation of internal logistics.
• Strong R&D investment needed to stay in the market, coupled with outsourcing of R&D to suppliers

• Shared and transversal vision of the Supply Chain with customers and suppliers.
• Growing weight of supplier management, automated information exchange, accurate leadtime requirement driven by late penalties.
• A highly variable demand that imposes increased industrial flexibility to capture markets.
• Small series: manufacture to order, additive manufacturing, reduced lifecycles, product switch management, ramp-up, ramp-down, index change management.
• The triangle quality, security and tracing is more stringent.

• Arrival of new entrants: new brands, increased competition from emerging countries with pressure on prices and innovation.
• Consolidation of car and equipment manufacturers to reach a critical size and smooth the risks by geographical areas/markets.
• Economies of scale by the standardisation of practices.
• Oversea sourcing and lead-time increase.
• Decentralisation of design, development, and production.